Laércio M. Namikawa - laercio@dpi.inpe.br
Elevation Analysis by Laercio M. Namikawa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Modelos Digitais de Elevação tem sido utilizados para diversas aplicações, mas a experiência tem demonstrado que o uso efetivo destes modelos deve ser melhorado com a consideração de aspectos como o uso de metadados, a verificação da confiabilidade da informação resultante e a influência das diferentes escalas. Portanto, o objetivo da Análise de Elevação é incluir o estudo destes aspectos, desenvolvendo pesquisas e algoritmos, de modo a ser um campo de estudo mais completo que a Modelagem Digital de Elevação.
O que é o modelo digital de terreno?
DEM Surface by Laercio M. Namikawa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
DEM Contour by Laercio M. Namikawa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
DEM Grid by Laercio M. Namikawa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
DEM TIN by Laercio M. Namikawa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
What is better? Less computer demanding - storage and processing.
What is available? Are there any OGC standards?
Can we use a variation of VIP algorithm?
Esta sessão contém os algoritmos existentes para a geração dos modelos de elevação, produtos derivados e análise sobre a elevação.
No padrão OGC, os modelos de elevação são Coverages contínuas, caracterizados por permitirem obter o valor em qualquer ponto do domínio espacial.
Normas Técnicas da Cartografia Nacional (DECRETO Nº 89.817 DE 20 DE JUNHO DE 1984) Link
critérios seguintes:
correspondente.
The NSSDA uses root-mean-square error (RMSE) to estimate positional accuracy. RMSE is the
square root of the average of the set of squared differences between dataset coordinate values and
coordinate values from an independent source of higher accuracy for identical points.
Accuracy is reported in ground distances at the 95% confidence level. Accuracy reported at the 95%
confidence level means that 95% of the positions in the dataset will have an error with respect to true ground position that is equal to or smaller than the reported accuracy value.
The data producer shall determine the geographic extent of testing….Vertical accuracy
shall be tested by comparing the elevations in the dataset with elevations of the same points as
determined from an independent source of higher accuracy.
A minimum of 20 check points shall be tested, distributed to reflect the geographic area of interest and the distribution of error in the dataset.
Vertical Accuracy
Let:
RMSEz = sqrt[ SUM(zdata i - zcheck i)^2 /n]
where
z data i is the vertical coordinate of the i th check point in the dataset.
z check i is the vertical coordinate of the i th check point in the independent source of higher accuracy
n = the number of points being checked
i is an integer from 1 to n
It is assumed that systematic errors have been eliminated as best as possible. If vertical error is normally distributed, the factor 1.9600 is applied to compute linear error at the 95% confidence level… Therefore, vertical accuracy, Accuracyz, reported according to the
NSSDA shall be computed by the following formula:
Accuracyz = 1.9600 *RMSEz.
15:00 - Abertura
15:05 - Laércio M. Namikawa
Modelagem de Elevação no SPRING e na TerraLib PPT
15:20 - Eduilson Lívio Neves
Armazenamento e recuperação eficiente de TIN em BDG PPT
15:35 - João Pedro C. Cordeiro
Geometria Diferencial e Modelagem PPT
15:50 - Márcio Morisson Valeriano
Formação de base geomorfométrica padronizada para o território nacional com dados SRTM PPT
16:05 - Eymar Lopes
Qualidade de MNT para aplicações em modelos de estabilidade de talude e modelos dinâmicos para transporte de material PPT
16:20 - Camilo Daleles Rennó
Representações de MDE em modelos hidrológicos PPT
16:50 - Discussão
Namikawa, L. M. Multiple representations of elevation for dynamic process modeling. PhD. Thesis. STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO, 2006, 202 pages, AAT 3226646 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3226646 (Cópia no INPE http://mtc-m17.sid.inpe.br/rep-/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/02.26.18.01)
Namikawa, L. M. Um método de ajuste de superfície para grades triangulares considerando linhas características. Master in Sciences. Dissertation. INPE, 1995, 118 pages. PDF (Cópia no INPE http://mtc-m13.sid.inpe.br/rep-/sid.inpe.br/jeferson/2004/12.02.09.36)
Namikawa, L. M., C. A. Felgueiras, J. C. Mura, S. Rosim, E. S. S. Lopes (2003). Modelagem numérica de terreno e aplicações. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, INPE. (Cópia no INPE http://mtc-m12.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/marciana/2003/03.10.11.36/doc/publicacao.pdf)
Maune, D. F., ed. (2001). Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual. Bethesda: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
El-Sheimy, N., C. Valeo and A. Habib (2005). Digital Terrain Modeling: Acquisition, Manipulation And Applications. Norwood: Artech House Publishers.
Li, Z., Q. Zhu and C. Gold (2005). Digital Terrain Modeling: Principles and Methodology. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Preparata, F.P.; Shamos M.I. Computational geometry. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1985. 398 p.
Grenon, P. and B. Smith. SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology. Spatial Cognition and Computation , v. 4, n. 1, p. 69-10, 2004.PDF
Rodríguez, E., C. S. Morris and J. E. Belz (2005). “A Global Assessment of the SRTM Performance.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 72(3): 249-260.
Slater, J. A., G. Garvey, C. Johnston, J. Haase, B. Heady, G. Kroenung and J. Little (2006). “The SRTM Data Finishing Process and Products.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 72(3): 237–247.
DLR (2003). Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM. 2003.
Kretsch, J. L. (2000). Shuttle radar topography mission overview. Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop.
JPL-NASA (2003). ASTER: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer. 2003.
SRTM DLR X_SAR
http://www.dlr.de/eoc/en/Portaldata/60/Resources/dokumente/7_sat_miss/srtm_products_en.pdf
http://www.dlr.de/eoc/en/Portaldata/60/Resources/dokumente/7_sat_miss/srtm_daten_download_en.pdf
NASA, (2003) http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ Accessed on Jan/15/2003 Welch, R. J., T. Lang, H. Murakami, H. (1998). “ASTER as a source for topographic data in the late 1990s.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36(4): 1282-1289. Toutin, T. (2002). “Three-dimensional topographic mapping with ASTER stereo data in rugged topography.” EEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40(10): 2241-2247.
Laércio M. Namikawa, Chris Renschler
Performance Measure for Validation of Geophysical Flow Simulation
paper
INSTRUÇÕES REGULADORAS DAS NORMAS TÉCNICAS DA CARTOGRAFIA NACIONAL. Diário Oficial da União, Decreto número 89817 de 20 de junho, 1984.
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC. 1998. “Geospatial positioning accuracy standards, Part 3. National standard for spatial data accuracy.” FGDC-STD-007, Reston, Va
Topographic data acquired during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), in February 2000, flew onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. The SRTM radar contained two types of antenna panels, C-band and X-band. C-band data processed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and X-band processed and distributed by DLR. (JPL-NASA, 2002)
Research Data
http://dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/
Accuracy
Data Availability (Kretsch, 2000)
X-Band DEM (DLR, 2003):
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is an imaging instrument that is flying on Terra, a satellite launched in December 1999 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). ASTER is a cooperative effort between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC) (NASA, 2003). DEM generated from along-track stereo data from near-infrared band (0.76-0.86 um), 8 bits, 15 meters resolution covering 60 by 60 km on the ground. Grid spacing is 30 meters.
DEM produced through commercial off-the-shelf software (“PCI Geomatics???”).(Welch 1998)
Accuracy