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| * Repast. Repast Agent Simulation Toolkit. http://repast.sourceforge.net/repast_3/index.html. Last access: July/2008. | * Repast. Repast Agent Simulation Toolkit. http://repast.sourceforge.net/repast_3/index.html. Last access: July/2008. | ||
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| ==== "Incorporating illegal behaviors into Brazilian Amazon land use change models" ==== | ==== "Incorporating illegal behaviors into Brazilian Amazon land use change models" ==== | ||
| - | * What are the legal and illegal processes of land appropriation at the Brazilian Amazon? | + | The most import drivers of the Amazon land occupation are economical activities related to the international market of commodities (beef, grains and timber), the extractivism (animals, plants, fruits), the local market, the subsistence agriculture, the miner market, and the housing market. Besides most of these activities are legal and are regulated by laws that attempt to make them sustainable, a great part of these activities are illegal and have a huge impact on the regional economy and land system structure. Actors involved on this black economy include farmers, wood loggers, settlers, grileiros, traffickers, killers, govern corrupted institutions or authorities. We do believe that incorporating these illegal actors and activities into Brazilian Amazon land use change models is an important issue. This way, a lot work has to be done in order to provide answers for the following questions: What are the legal and illegal activities and actors involved in the land occupation process at the Brazilian Amazon? How to simulate negotiation and corruption for land appropriation? What are the alternative scenarios for corruption mitigation? |
| - | * How to simulate negotiation and corruption for land appropriation? | + | |
| - | * What are the alternative scenarios for corruption mitigation? | + | |
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| + | SANTOS JÚNIOR, R. A. O. . The drug trade, the black economy and society in Western Amazonia. International Social Science Journal, EUA, v. 169, 2001. | ||
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| ==== "Complex Network Modeling Support" ==== | ==== "Complex Network Modeling Support" ==== | ||
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| Land changes are results from complex social and biophysical systems and their interactions (Turner et al., 1995). Such interactions result from processes that act on different hierarchical levels. At the global scale, the national and international commodities market (beef, grains and timber) drives demand for land change. This way, these changes cannot be adequately understood without knowing their linkages to decisions and structures made elsewhere. In this sense, understanding the role of networks is essential to understanding how to decide about the land use. | Land changes are results from complex social and biophysical systems and their interactions (Turner et al., 1995). Such interactions result from processes that act on different hierarchical levels. At the global scale, the national and international commodities market (beef, grains and timber) drives demand for land change. This way, these changes cannot be adequately understood without knowing their linkages to decisions and structures made elsewhere. In this sense, understanding the role of networks is essential to understanding how to decide about the land use. | ||
| - | + | A network is a set of items, which we will call vertices or nodes, with connections between them, called edges. Networks exist everywhere and at every scale and can be physical, such as infrastructure networks, and logical ones, such as market chains, linking a certain location to distant consumption or influential sites. Several works argue that networks are important tool to describe complex systems, REFS. <gpm> | |
| - | Figure 0.1. Market chain to network theories | + | |
| - | A network is a set of items, which we will call vertices or nodes, with connections between them, called edges. Networks exist everywhere and at every scale and can be physical, such as infrastructure networks, and logical ones, such as market chains, linking a certain location to distant consumption or influential sites. Several works argue that networks are an important tool to describe complex systems, (Barabasi, 2003), (Newman, 2006) and (Watts, 2009) . We believe which networks can be an important tool to link the actor of land change to global scenarios, as market and police public in land change modeling. | ||
| + | We believe which networks can be a important tool to link the actor of land change to global scenarios, as market and police public in land change modeling. However, is necessary to solve some specific challenges: | ||
| * Network Architecture, including data structures and algorithms. | * Network Architecture, including data structures and algorithms. | ||
