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geopro:pedro:cadeia-acai [2008/05/30 19:17] – pedrogeopro:pedro:cadeia-acai [2008/06/23 03:33] (atual) – pedro
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 ====== Modelo da Cadeia do Açaí ====== ====== Modelo da Cadeia do Açaí ======
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 =====Terms===== =====Terms=====
 +
 +{{  http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/figures/acai-mao.jpg}}
  
   * **[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry|Agroforestry]]:** (Agrossilvicultura) is an agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.    * **[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry|Agroforestry]]:** (Agrossilvicultura) is an agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. 
   * **[[http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malthus|Malthus]] (1766-1834):** o excesso populacional era a causa de todos os males da sociedade (população com crescimento geométrico, e alimentos com crescimento aritmético)   * **[[http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malthus|Malthus]] (1766-1834):** o excesso populacional era a causa de todos os males da sociedade (população com crescimento geométrico, e alimentos com crescimento aritmético)
   * **[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_Boserup|Boserup]] (1910-1999):** upned the assumption of Malthus that agricultural methods determine population (via food supply). Instead, she shows that population determines agricultural methods ("necessity is the mother of invention").   * **[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_Boserup|Boserup]] (1910-1999):** upned the assumption of Malthus that agricultural methods determine population (via food supply). Instead, she shows that population determines agricultural methods ("necessity is the mother of invention").
 +  * **Sharecropping:** a system of agriculture or agricultural production in which a landowner allows a sharecropper to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land. 
 +  * **Staple food:** a food that forms the basis of a traditional diet, typically inexpensive foods of vegetable origin that are high in energy and carbohydrate and that can be stored for use throughout the year. Its name may be used synonymously with "food" in some contexts, such as the reference to "our daily bread" in The Lord's Prayer, and a common greeting of "Have you eaten rice?" denoting "How are you?" in certain cultures.
 =====Papers===== =====Papers=====
  
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 and field experiments; the açaí fruit economy is discussed from agricultural, social and economic perspectives; attention is given and field experiments; the açaí fruit economy is discussed from agricultural, social and economic perspectives; attention is given
 to its historical development, the structure of açaí fruit production, its agents, the relationship among themselves and the to its historical development, the structure of açaí fruit production, its agents, the relationship among themselves and the
-urban markets. Decadal(?) price performance is presented for açaí fruit and açaí transportation costs and compared to major +urban markets. Decadal price performance is presented for açaí fruit and açaí transportation costs and compared to major 
 agropastoral products for the Eastern Amazon region. Dominant views about the 'economic rationality' of rural producers' agropastoral products for the Eastern Amazon region. Dominant views about the 'economic rationality' of rural producers'
-decision-making are discussed. Açaí fruit has performed as well as and in some cases surpassed most agro-pastoral products of +decision-making are discussed. **Açaí fruit has performed as well as and in some cases surpassed most agro-pastoral products of 
-the Northern region. Economic returns for producers reflect linkages between price signals from urban markets, harvest decision,+the Northern region.** Economic returns for producers reflect linkages between price signals from urban markets, harvest decision,
 and land tenure condition of the producer. Urban markets for the fruit is expanding and bringing new participants to the açaí  and land tenure condition of the producer. Urban markets for the fruit is expanding and bringing new participants to the açaí 
 fruit economy further conditioning the ability of rural producers to take advantage of external markets for forest products. fruit economy further conditioning the ability of rural producers to take advantage of external markets for forest products.
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 ====Agriculture Intensification, Economic Identity, and Shared Invisibility in Amazonian Peasantry: Cablocos and Colonists in Comparative Perspective==== ====Agriculture Intensification, Economic Identity, and Shared Invisibility in Amazonian Peasantry: Cablocos and Colonists in Comparative Perspective====
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 ====From Staple to Fashion Food: Shifting Cycles and Shifting Opportunities in the Development of the Açaí Palm Fruit Economy in the Amazon Estuary==== ====From Staple to Fashion Food: Shifting Cycles and Shifting Opportunities in the Development of the Açaí Palm Fruit Economy in the Amazon Estuary====
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 ^ Retailing      | Staple retailing (fresh or carry out) | Fashion retailing (diverse menu) |  | Supermarket| ^ Retailing      | Staple retailing (fresh or carry out) | Fashion retailing (diverse menu) |  | Supermarket|
  
 +{{  http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/figures/acai-regimes.jpg|different management regimes}}
 +{{  http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/figures/acai-price-index.jpg|Acai Price Index (API) and Index of Agropastoral Products of Para (IPA-Para)}}
 +{{  http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/figures/acai-evolution-chain.jpg?600}}
  
 In fact, the ability of the industry to move from a fashion to an acquired consumption basis depends, In fact, the ability of the industry to move from a fashion to an acquired consumption basis depends,
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 characteristics of the floodplain forest (e.g., basal area and biomass), but with an overwhelming characteristics of the floodplain forest (e.g., basal area and biomass), but with an overwhelming
 concentration of individuals of economic value. concentration of individuals of economic value.
- 
-{{  http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/figures/acai-regimes.jpg|different management regimes}} 
  
 ^             ^ Unmanaged Sites  ^ Intermediate Sites  ^ Managed Sites | ^             ^ Unmanaged Sites  ^ Intermediate Sites  ^ Managed Sites |
 ^ Production  | 250 clumps/ha    | 600-730 clumps/ha   | 890-1200 clumps/ha  | ^ Production  | 250 clumps/ha    | 600-730 clumps/ha   | 890-1200 clumps/ha  |
 ^ Return      | US$203.6/ha      | US$303.7-669.8/ha   | US$2272.7/ha        | ^ Return      | US$203.6/ha      | US$303.7-669.8/ha   | US$2272.7/ha        |
 +
 +In summary, the limitations of intensification measures to evaluate the production system can be summarized as follows:
 +  * Production technology is based on local management knowledge and presents low levels of input factors used to characterize intensity.
 +  * The agroforestry structure can fit into both extremes (intensive or extensive) of Boserup's frequency model, depending on the definition of stages of production.
 +  * Spatial dimensions overlap areas of intensive, intermediate, and unmanaged areas, which allows expansion according to environmental conditions and household needs and possibilities.
 +  * The multiple prductivity dimensions of agroforestry areas (i.e., the "hidden harvest" of other fruits and raw material) tend to go unnoticed as economically relevant production.
 +  * Floodplain cycles dictate cropping frequency more than the fallow period used in Boserupian models
 +
 +Whereas the cost of transportation can hover around 10 percent of açaí prices at the beginning and at the end of the season, it can reach 25 percent or more at the season's peak, when the fruit price is lower. Whereas owners are free
 +to wait for better prices, sharecroppers need to follow their landlords' shedules and decisions. In most estuarine
 +municipalities, sharecroppers are the largest category of producers.
 +
 +One can easily say that if the forests they are currently using were truly native forests, the state of Para would
 +be achieving no more than 30 percent of its current production of açaí fruit.
 +
 +**Interestingly, the so-called rational management techniques presented by companies and aimed at increasing 
 +productivity not only have been learned and practiced for decades but were developed by the very people
 +to whom the companies are offering technical assistance.**
 +
 +It is likely that today's açaí export economy would not even exist if riverline farmers had not been managing 
 +açaizais intensively for decades and were simply relying on "native" areas. [...] This bias [against the
 +caboclos] contributes to the perpetuation of a cycle of differential access to important economic
 +opportunities, such as bank loans, under the guise of "promoting sustainable development."
 +
 +Although the goverment is working with established industries, little has been done to build producer-controlled
 +transformation industries and commercialization infrastructure. As described earlier, **producers are "supported"
 +in their position as extractivists who receive "help" from new participants, sometimes in the form of 
 +repackaged technology that has long been in use in the region.**
 +
 +Regional improvements in agropastoral technology and processing are urgently needed but should be built on existing
 +knowledge and carried out through the support of education and training, lines of credit, and storage and 
 +transformation cooperatives, among other services. Most importantly, however, political support is needed to 
 +overcome land tenure conflicts and provide access to credit incentives and basic infrastructure in order to
 +develop commercialization infrastructure and high-end transformation industries that will generate jobs and
 +increase the circulation of capital in the region.
  
 ====Landscape of the Past, Footprints of the Future==== ====Landscape of the Past, Footprints of the Future====
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 ====Urban Forest and Rural Cities: Multi-sited Households,Consumption Patterns, and Forest Resources in Amazonia==== ====Urban Forest and Rural Cities: Multi-sited Households,Consumption Patterns, and Forest Resources in Amazonia====
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 açaí. The paper concludes with a review of the extractivism stigma carried by cablocos and how a revision of the agriculture açaí. The paper concludes with a review of the extractivism stigma carried by cablocos and how a revision of the agriculture
 intensification concept, based on the example of açaí agroforestry, can help to build an identity as rural producers.   intensification concept, based on the example of açaí agroforestry, can help to build an identity as rural producers.  
- 
- 
  
 ====Colonist household decisionmaking and land-use change in the Amazon Rainforest: an agent-based simulation==== ====Colonist household decisionmaking and land-use change in the Amazon Rainforest: an agent-based simulation====
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 The simulation results are similar to another result found in the literature. The simulation results are similar to another result found in the literature.
- 
  
 ====Agent-Based Simulation of Household Decision Making and Land Use Change near Altamira, Brazil==== ====Agent-Based Simulation of Household Decision Making and Land Use Change near Altamira, Brazil====
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 approaches to land use that require that attention be paid to household behaviour, rather then assume that they all behave in approaches to land use that require that attention be paid to household behaviour, rather then assume that they all behave in
 ethnically equivalent terms. ethnically equivalent terms.
- 
  
 LUCITA - land-use change in the Amazon. It is implemented in Swarm, and comprised by two submodels: ecological and human. LUCITA - land-use change in the Amazon. It is implemented in Swarm, and comprised by two submodels: ecological and human.
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 early stages of household development, limited family labour supplies lead to a reliance on annual crops and associated high rates early stages of household development, limited family labour supplies lead to a reliance on annual crops and associated high rates
 of deforestation. In the later stages of household development of pastoral lands and/or perennial crops. of deforestation. In the later stages of household development of pastoral lands and/or perennial crops.
- 
  
 It proposes an integration with GIS but most of the work has to be done manually. There is a need for additional data collection It proposes an integration with GIS but most of the work has to be done manually. There is a need for additional data collection
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 +
  
 ====Desmatamento na Amazônia: um diálogo necessário. É possível?==== ====Desmatamento na Amazônia: um diálogo necessário. É possível?====
-|A P D Aguiar, R Araújo, I Vieira, P Toledo, N Gabas, 2008| [[http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/relatorio_final_desmatamento.pdf|pdf]]|+|MPEG, IDESP, 2008| [[http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/relatorio_final_desmatamento.pdf|pdf]]|
  
 O seminário teve por objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento científico sobre o desmatamento na O seminário teve por objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento científico sobre o desmatamento na
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   * **nos casos de sucesso, atividades extrativistas podem tornar-se uma ameaça ambiental (como no caso do açaí, que vem sendo plantado indiscriminadamente nas várzeas);**   * **nos casos de sucesso, atividades extrativistas podem tornar-se uma ameaça ambiental (como no caso do açaí, que vem sendo plantado indiscriminadamente nas várzeas);**
  
-O Dr. Homma enfatizou também a questão da segurança alimentar. Citou como exemplo o Estado do Amapá, que busca criar uma economia florestal e, como resultado, importa alimentos produzidos no Pará, “exportando” o desmatamento. +O Dr. Homma enfatizou também a questão da **segurança alimentar**. Citou como exemplo o **Estado do Amapá, que busca criar uma economia florestal e, como resultado, importa alimentos produzidos no Pará, “exportando” o desmatamento**.
  
 Francisco Costa (Chiquito): Em um dos cenários apresentados, chama a atenção o papel da mineração. Fortes Francisco Costa (Chiquito): Em um dos cenários apresentados, chama a atenção o papel da mineração. Fortes
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 de controle do desmatamento. de controle do desmatamento.
  
 +====Geração de Renda na Cadeia Produtiva do Açaí em Projeto de Abastecimento de Energia Elétrica em Comunidades Isoladas no Município de Manacapuru-Am====
 +|A A Bacellar, R C R Souza, D J C Xavier, O Seye, E C S Santos, K T Freitas, 2006| Agre 2006|
 +
 +Um dos maiores problemas de industrialização e comercialização do açaí é sua característica
 +altamente perecível. Entre a colheita e a confecção da polpa o açaí não resiste mais que 72 horas.
 +O mesmo acontece com o “vinho”, ainda que mantido sob refrigeração. Para sanar esse problema
 +as indústrias de sorvete da região submetem o suco concentrado à temperatura de -40C. Outra
 +maneira de contornar essa dificuldade foi desenvolvida pela EMBRAPA, consistindo em fabricar o
 +pó desidratado.
 +
 +====Proposta Metodológica Para Análise de Tecnologias e Externalidades de Cadeias Produtivas do Agronegócio. O caso da Cebola em Santa Catarina====
 +|E. Silva, 2004| Doctorate Thesis|
  
 +Com a intensificação do processo de globalização das economias e a conseqüente
 +redução das barreiras tarifárias, essas vêm sendo substituídas por não-tarifárias.
 +Os países desenvolvidos passam a impor barreiras sanitárias, ambientais
 +e sociais como medida de proteção de seus mercados.
geopro/pedro/cadeia-acai.1212175064.txt.gz · Última modificação: 2008/05/30 19:17 por pedro