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--- geopro:pedro:giscience [2009/02/16 19:46] – pedro
+++ geopro:pedro:giscience [2009/02/17 03:19] (atual) – pedro
@@ Linha 101: / Linha 101: @@
 A criterion for evaluating the suitability of a query language for a non-standard application domain is: "How useful are the
 database operations provided by the query language for the particular application?"
@@ Linha 138: / Linha 139: @@
 implementation are based on variables and statements and functions remain
 second class citizens.
+**higher order functions allow to separate the part of
+operations specific to the data structure from the code of the operations which
+is specific to the data type stored. GIS are large data collections and must use
+complex spatial data structures. It is beneficial to separate the code which
+traverses the data structure from the code which operates on the feature data.**
+====Fiat and Bona Fide Boundaries====
+|B. Smith and A. C. Varzi, ????| Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|
+\\
+**Abstract:** We argue that the basic typology of spatial boundaries involves an opposition
+between bona fide (or physical) boundaries on the one hand,
+and fiat boundaries on the other, the latter being exemplified especially
+by boundaries induced through human demarcation, for example
+in the geographic realm. The classical metaphysical problems connected
+with the notions of adjacency, contact, separation and division
+can be resolved in an intuitive way by recognizing this two -sorted ontology
+of boundaries. Bona fide boundaries yield a notion of contact
+that is effectively modeled by classical topology; the analogue of contact
+involving fiat boundaries calls, however, for a different account,
+based on the intuition that fiat boundaries do not support the
+open/closed distinction on which classical topology is based. In the
+presence of this two -sorted ontology it then transpires that mereotopology—
+topology erected on a mereological basis—is more than a
+trivial formal variant of classical point-set topology.
+\\