Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinformática

The building blocks of evolutionary dynamics are replication, selection and mutation.

Simple models of population growth in discrete time can give rise to very complicated dynamics (As 'Population ecology and chaos' of Games of Life).

Mutation arises when reproduction is not perfectly accurate and it promotes coexistence of different types.

Hardy-Weinberg law states that particulate inheritance preserves genetic variation within a population under random mating.

There is an error on page 17. “The face of the simplex is the set of points x with the property that xi = 0 for at least one i”. in a 2D space it is false, 3D+ it is true. Figure on page 18: “the faces are the sets of points where at least one coordinate is zero”. The same error of the other sentence.

p. 33 errors in the Figure 3.4 and others

Quasispecies is an ensemble of genomic sequences generated by a mutation-selection process (p. 31)

If we start with a population that contains only the sequence with maximum fitness, then the quasispecies equation will reduce the average fitness until an equilibrium between mutation and selection, a so-called mutation-selection balance has been reached.

For very small mutation rates only the maximum fitness matters, but for somewhat higher mutation rates the fitness of the neighbouring sequences is also important.

Equation of Eigen and Schuster.

The best explanation for ESS i've ever seen! Fazer tabela com descricao dos 4 jogos: chicken, snowdrift, hawk-dove e prisoner's dilemma

kolmogorov's theorem proving the stable limit circle.

evolutionary game theory and ecology have the same mathematical foundations.

TFT has two weaknesses: it cannot correct mistakes and it cannot prevent neutral drift against ALLC. GTFT has only the second weakness.

[fig 5.10]

WSLS works where R > (T+P)/2. By coincidence, Axelrod's values have the ungeneric property that R = (T+P)/2. In this case, a variant of WSLS with (1,0,0,1-e) is stable against AD.

Moran process: birth-death evolution

Neutral drift: in a finite population with several different types and without mutation, then eventually all but one type will be extinct, even if all types have the same fitness.

Neutral theory of evolution states that the majority of mutations that become fixed in genomes are neutral.

The graph can also describe the architecture of cells in a multicellular organism, including the cellular differentiation hierarchy.

No simulation. The traditional ESS and Nash conditions are neither necessary not sufficient to imply protection by selection in finite populations.

Moran process over a directed graph where each node has a strategy (C or D). One node can spread its strategy to the connected ones. Lots of graph configurations. Vertices with a higher number of connections are “hotter”

cell replaced by the most successful neighbour. grids with Moore or von Neumann neighbourhood. In some parameter regions, we discover spatial chaos, dynamic fractals, and evolutionary kaleidoscopes.